My approach

The thinking behind my karate

The purpose of the training matters. So do the assumptions we make about what it prepares someone to do.

Over the years, the questions I ask about karate have changed. I am less concerned with whether a movement can be demonstrated convincingly, and more concerned with the circumstances in which it might be useful.

These three pages explain the purpose of my training, where I begin when teaching, and the principles I look for when an initial response is no longer enough.

For a more personal account of how my understanding has developed, see What has changed.